Weapons, Waste, and Pollution
Environmental Dimensions of Conflict and Paralyzed Responses: The Ongoing Case of Ukraine and Future Implications for Urban Warfare
2022
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Small Wars & Insurgencies
Kristina Hook and Richard Marcantonio
Unique within the recent history of environmental hazards, eastern Ukraine illustrates the dangers arising from conflict in an urban landscape heavily modified by human action…
Energy Injustice and Its Role for Environmental Peacebuilding
2023
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Center for Applied Research in Partnership with the Orient
Ahmad Al-Wadaey, Tobias Zumbrägel, and Ali Alamudi
This report discusses the crucial but understudied impact of oil extraction in- dustries on local communities and the environment in Yemen’s Hadhramawt governorate. By combining…
The Destruction of the Kakhovka Dam and Its Consequences
2023
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Water International
Viktor Vyshnevskyi, Serhii Shevchuk, Viktor Komorin, Yurii Oleynik, and Peter Gleick
The Kakhovka hydropower plant on the Dnipro River in Ukraine, its spillway dam and adjoining structures were completely destroyed in the early morning of 6…
Energy Injustice and Its Role for Environmental Peacebuilding
2023
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Carpo Sustainability Series
Ahmad Al-Wadaey, Tobias Zumbragel, and Ali Alameda
This report discusses the crucial but understudied impact of oil extraction in- dustries on local communities and the environment in Yemen’s Hadhramawt governorate. By combining…
Environmental and Psychological Effects of Russian War in Ukraine
2023
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Grassroots Journal of Natural Resources
Olena Khrushch, Viktor Moskalets, Oksana Fedyk, Yuliya Karpiuk, Myroslava Hasiuk, Nataliia Ivantsev, Liudmyla Ivantsev, and Hasrat Arjjumend
Russia invasion on Ukraine has extensive and unprecedented negative impacts on natural environment and human life. Since saving human lives and protecting nuclear establishments are…
Analysis: How NATO Should Move Forward on Emissions Reporting
2023
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Conflict and Environment Observatory
Linsey Cottrell
In July 2023, NATO published its latest Climate Impact Assessment, together with a methodology for reporting greenhouse gases, and a compendium of its members’ current…
Russia-Ukraine War: Environmental Impact
2023
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TopLead
Stanislav Shum, Marina Treshchova (Budnik), Anastasiia Korolova, Yevhen Kumka, Kostiantyn Zinin, Vitalii Storozh, and Anastasiia Tkachuk
Ukraine is a large and developed country with many facilities dangerous to the environment: nuclear power plants, hydroelectric plants, gas, oil, and ammonia pipelines, and…
War in Ukraine: The Case for Environmental Peacebuilding and Reparations
2023
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Journal of the British Academy
Nataliia Slobodian
Russia’s current large-scale unprovoked invasion of Ukraine demonstrates that the environment matters, even though it is considered a secondary issue during conflicts. The war has dire…
On the Threshold: Environmental Changes as Causes of Acute Conflict
1991
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International Security
Thomas F. Homer-Dixon
How might environmental change lead to acute conflict? Some experts propose that environmental change may shift the balance of power between states either regionally or…
Examining the Scope of Nuclear Weapons-Related Activities Covered under the Environmental Remediation Obligation of the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons
2022
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Asian Journal of International Law
Christopher P. Evans
The entry into force of the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW) in January 2021 has sparked much discussion of the Treaty's positive…
The Regulation of Crimes against Water in Armed Conflicts and Other Situations of Violence
2023
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International Review of the Red Cross
Mara Tignino
Water is the lifeblood of human beings and society, but threats to water, such as the pollution of rivers, cyber crimes, and attacks against water…
Using US Natural Resource Damage Assessment to Understand the Environmental Consequences of the War in Ukraine
2022
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Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management
Richard J. Wenning and Theodore D. Tomasi
Military conflict has led to large-scale environmental changes throughout recorded human history. Pollution from war contaminates surface water and soil, releases large volumes of greenhouse…
The War-Damaged Urban Environment Becomes Deadly Trap for Bats: Case from Kharkiv City (NE Ukraine) in 2022
2023
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Journal of Applied Animal Ethics Research
Anton S. Vlachenko, Alona Shulenko, Anzhela But, and Maryna Yerofeieva
The full-scale war in Ukraine negatively impacted populations of urban and semi-urban animals. This study examines the effects of war-related damages on urban populations of…
Reflections on the Destruction of the Nova Kakhovka Dam from an International Law Perspective
2023
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Hellenic Foundation for European & Foreign Policy (ELIAMEP)
Stavros Evdokimos Pantazopoulos
On 6 June 2023, the Nova Kakhovka dam was breached and eventually destroyed. The available evidence suggests that the dam was blown up by Russia,…
Ukrainians Are Accusing Russia of Ecocide: What Does That Mean?
2023
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Foreign Policy Magazine
Clara Gutman-Argemi, Ashley Ahn, and Brawley Benson
The rupture of a major dam in southern Ukraine has displaced the Dnipro River, killed an unknown number of people, and left many Ukrainians homeless.…
The Multiple Impacts of War
2023
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Nature Sustainability
In March this year, the World Bank, the Government of Ukraine, the European Union and the United Nations published a report — Ukraine Rapid Damage…
Examining the Role of WASH Services Within Peace- and Statebuilding Processes
2012
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Tearfund
Leni WIld and Nathaniel Mason
This synthesis report presents the findings of a one-year research project funded by the Department for International Development (DFID) and implemented by Tearfund and ODI,…
Five Urgent Questions on Ecological Security
2023
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Stockholm International Peace Research Institute
Dan Smith and Rod Schoonover
The increasing pressure of ecological disruption on people and on security means that ideas and policy on peace and security must increasingly address the need…
Briefing Paper on Nuclear Weapons, the Environment, and the Climate Crisis
2023
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International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons
Climate change is one of the biggest threats facing humanity, and the threat of nuclear weapons is another. Nuclear weapons production, testing, and use all…
The Agonising Narrative of Environmental Dilapidation in the Tussle of Armed Conflict; from the Lens of International Humanitarian Laws
2023
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Journal of Global Ecology and Environment
Sayed Qudrat Hashimy
It is reasonable that humans have long recorded war fatalities in terms of injuries, death of combatants and civilians, the devastation of cities, and lost…
Protecting Nuclear Power Plants during War: Implications from Ukraine
2023
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Environmental Law Reporter
Erika Weinthal and Carl Bruch
Prior to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, the direct targeting of nuclear power plants (NPP) was largely unimaginable in armed conflict. International humanitarian law (IHL) requires their…
Nuclear Security during Armed Conflict: Lessons from Ukraine
2023
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Stockholm International Peace Research Institute
Vitaly Fechenko
The attacks on nuclear installations in Ukraine by the Russian military in 2022 were unprecedented. Nuclear security aims at prevention, detection and response to malicious…
Impact of War on the Environment: A Critical Study of Afghanistan
2023
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International Environmental Legal Research Journal
Sayed Qudrat Hashimy and Ramesh
There is no accurate, reasonable data to record war fatalities regarding the dead and paralyzed combatants and civilians, the devastation of physical property, and the…
Environmental Degradation and Sustainable Peace Dialogue in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria
2023
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Resource Policy
Seun Bamidele and Nicholas Idris Erameh
Resource-related environmental degradation is a critical issue in Africa, especially in the Niger-Delta region of Nigeria. Since the discovery of oil in the Niger Delta…
All’s a Fair Share in CERCLA and War: Guam v. United States and Military Responsibility for Superfund Cleanups
2023
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Ecology Law Quarterly
Sierra Killian
In Guam v. United States, the Supreme Court resolved a circuit split on how entities that clean up Superfund sites regulated under CERCLA can pursue costs…
Biodiversity, peace and conflict: understandings the connections
2023
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SSRN
Lucy Rist, Cibele Queiroz, and Albert Norström
Trajectories of human conflict have direct and indirect impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem function. These occur across terrestrial, marine and freshwater systems via the well-established…
Environmental Impact of Armed Conflicts
2023
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Council of Europe
John Howell
Armed conflicts, wars and military aggression destroy human lives and damage human living space. Environmental damages can be multifaceted, severe, long-lasting and mostly irreversible. They…
Recovery Plan of Ukraine "Environmental Safety"
2023
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Government of Ukraine
In 2020, greenhouse gas emissions decreased to 33.7% from 1990 levels. Still, the energy intensity of Ukraine's GDP in 2018 was three times higher than…
The Coastal and Marine Environment (Ukraine Conflict Environmental Briefing No. 5)
2023
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Conflict and Environment Observatory
A wide range of land and marine-based military activities are placing Ukraine’s marine ecosystems at risk, while fragile and ecologically sensitive coastal habitats have been…
The Next Climate War? Statecraft, Security, and Weaponization in the Geopolitics of a Low-Carbon Future
2023
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Energy Strategy Reviews
Benjamin K. Sovacool, Chad Baum, and Sean Low
The impacts of global climate change on international security and geopolitics could be of historic proportion, challenging those of previous global threats such as nuclear…