Weapons, Waste, and Pollution
There are 439 resources related to Weapons, Waste, and Pollution.
War and the Environment in the Middle East: Degradation, Governance, and the Way Forward
2026
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Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, Regional Competence Center for Energy and Climate Justice MENA
David R. Jalilvand and Tobias Zumbrägel
In the Middle East, armed conflict is increasingly undermining not only human security and infrastructure but also the environmental systems on which livelihoods and long-term…
From Conflict to Climate Crisis: How Wars Shape the Future Environment
2026
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Journal of Environmental Management
Doorgha Ragoobur
Military activity is a current blind spot in global climate policy. This systematic review synthesises evidence from 263 studies and 36 reports published between 2014…
Protection of the Natural Environment in Armed Conflict under International Humanitarian Law: Implementation Guidance
2026
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International Committee of the Red Cross
The present implementation guidance document sets out measures to assist national entities implementing IHL rules protecting the natural environment, with a focus on certain key…
Ecocide in Ukraine: An Assessment of Geospatial and Environmental Evidence of War-Related Ecosystem Destruction in Ukraine
2026
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Frontiers in Environmental Science
Walter Leal Filho, Mariia Fedoruk, Oleksandra Kunyk, Uliana Semak, Nataliia Yaroshenko, Mariia Ruda, Joao Paulino Pires Eustachio, Maria Alzira Pimenta Dinis, and Johannes M. Luetz
The ongoing war in Ukraine has triggered large-scale and multi-dimensional environmental degradation affecting soils, freshwater systems, forests, agricultural landscapes, atmospheric quality, and biodiversity. Beyond immediate…
UNEP’s Post-Conflict Environmental Assessment as an Instrument for Addressing Wartime Environmental Destruction: Securitisation for Policy-Making?
2026
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Environment & Security
Emma Hakala
The United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) has carried out post-conflict environmental assessments (PCEAs) to evaluate the environmental damage of conflicts since the late 1990s. This…
Mining, Conflict, and Environmental Action in Myanmar’s Borderlands
2026
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Stimson Center
Surachanee Sriyai, Brian Eyler, and Regan Kwan
Mining in Myanmar’s eastern borderlands is no longer only a local governance challenge; it is a transboundary environmental and security issue with growing regional consequences.…
Nature Security Assessment on Global Biodiversity Loss, Ecosystem Collapse and National Security
2026
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UK Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs
This assessment is an analysis of how global biodiversity loss and ecosystem collapse could affect UK national security. It shows how environmental degradation can disrupt…
Ecological Statecraft in the Midst of War: Water, Regeneration, and the Future of Gulf Security
2026
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Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
Olivia Lazard and Ali Bin Shahid
The 2026 US-Iran war is radiating through the Gulf’s energy systems, maritime routes, supply chains, food corridors, financial flows, and regional diplomacy—and its effects will…
The World Agreed to Stop Using Food as a Weapon. It Hasn’t.
2026
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Council on Foreign Relations
Food has increasingly become a deliberate tool of war. Whether in besieged farming communities in Sudan or in the destruction of grain siloes in Ukraine,…
The Human and Environmental Costs of the War in Iran
2026
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Center for American Progress
Kalina Gibson, Dawn Le, and Ariana Sharghi
Civilians have suffered devastating health and environmental costs as a result of the US and Israeli war with Iran, from mass displacement and polluted air…
The US-Israel War on Iran and How War and Conflict Are Destroying the Environment
2026
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GreenPeace
Mehdi Leman
From Ukraine to Sudan, Gaza, Lebanon, Iran and Venezuela, people are living through war, bombardment, occupation, militarisation or political violence, while the damage reaches far…
A Close Look at the OTP-ICC Policy on Environmental Damage [Video]
2026
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Environmental Peacebuilding Association
Munini Mutuku, Daniëlla Dam-de Jong, and James Gondi
Environmental damage in conflict and post conflict societies, and its subsequent impacts on both ecosystems and the peoples’ human rights, has increasingly become a point…
Food Waste Management in SMEs: The Ukrainian Context
2026
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British Food Journal
Roza Sagitova, Volodymyr Filippov, Lidiia Voloshchuk, and Lisa Jack
This study examines food waste (FW) management by food retail and food service SMEs in developing countries such as Ukraine. The data were collected through…
Operation Epic Fury: Emerging Environmental Harm and Risks in Iran and the Region
2026
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Conflict and Environment Observatory
An updated overview of emerging environmental issues and perspectives arising from Operation Epic Fury in Iran, Israel, and the Gulf States. CEOBS has seen a…
War at Sea and the Environment
2026
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PAX
Camille Maisonneuve and Wim Zwijnenburg
While attention to the environmental dimensions of armed conflicts has been growing, much of the analysis focuses on land warfare – examining air, soil and…
Nature Crimes: The Convergence of Criminal Ecomonomies in the Mekong Region
2026
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Forest Trends
Kevin M. Woods
The Mekong Region—particularly the tri-border “Golden Triangle” of Myanmar, Laos and Thailand—has become a hub where environmental exploitation and criminal activity converge, collectively generating billions…
"We Are Building a Fortress on Quicksand": The Fatal Flaw in Europe’s Defense Boom [Video]
2026
Florian Krampe
At the Austrian National Bank, Dr Florian Krampe delivers a wake-up call to European policymakers: The massive reallocation of capital toward defense is destined to…
Oil Field Impacts on Venezuela’s Rivers and Water Stress with Environmental Challenges
2026
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Journal of South American Earth Sciences
Aleksandar Valjarević
This study examines the ecological impact of oil extraction on Venezuela's river systems, focusing on pollution, hydrological changes, and water resource stress. A spatial and…
Strengthening Field Environmental Management: Assessing the Green Field Tool Roll-out in NPA
2025
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Conflict and Environment Observatory and Norwegian People's Aid
Anna McKean, Jonathan Walsh, and Doug Weir
Mine action takes place in some of the world’s most fragile environments that are impacted by conflict, pollution and degraded ecosystems. As the climate crisis…
Policy on Addressing Environmental Damage through the Rome Statute
2025
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International Criminal Court
The International Criminal Court was established to help end impunity for the most serious crimes of concern to the international community. This mandate extends to…
Military Activities and Toxics — Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Implications for Human Rights of the Environmentally Sound Management and Disposal of Hazardous Substances and Wastes
2025
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Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights
Marcos Orellana
In the present report, the Special Rapporteur on the implications for human rights of the environmentally sound management and disposal of hazardous substances and wastes…
Impact of the Tigray War on Water Infrastructures and Essential Hydrosystems in Selected Battle Corridors
2025
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Water
Gebremedhin Berhane, Tesfamichael Gebreyohannes, Miruts Hagos, Abdelwassie Huessien, Aregawi Gebrekirstos, Kaleab A. Abera, Thomas Hermans, and Kristine Walraevens
Armed conflicts continue to severely impact human populations and essential infrastructure, particularly water supply systems. This study examines the Yechilla area, a high-intensity battle corridor…
The Future of Transitional Justice amidst the Environmental Challenges in (Post) Conflict Areas [Video]
2025
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Environmental Peacebuilding Association
Hosted by the Transitional Justice Interest Group (TJ-IG) of the Environmental Peacebuilding Association, this webinar examines how transitional justice frameworks can evolve to address the…
Vast and Hidden Urban Methane Emissions from the Russia–Ukraine War
2025
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Nature Cities
Zeyu Feng, Rong Hu, Yuqing Pan, Qianjian Xv, Jing Zhang, Qingyong Wang, Kaiqin Cao, Shufeng Liu, Alexander Baklanov, Jens Hesselbjerg Christen, Daniel Rosenfeld, John H. Seinfeld, Shaocai Yu, and Pengfei Li
Historically, cities have figured prominently in wars, including as targets. However, the impacts of warfare on the environmental signatures of urban systems remain less understood.…
When Bombs Turn the Taps Off: The Impact of Conflict on Water Infrastructure in Lebanon
2025
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Action Against Hunger, Insecurity Insight, and Oxfam
Action Against Hunger, Insecurity Insight and Oxfam have worked collectively to document the impact of the escalation of conflict in Lebanon on water infrastructure since…
Anchored in Action: Operationalizing NATO's Climate Security Plan in the Arctic Maritime Domain
2025
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Arctic Institute
Pauline Baudu and Fabio Lissi
Since 2021 and until recently, NATO has bolstered its commitment to addressing the security implications of climate change, demonstrated by the release of foundational guiding…
Russia-Ukraine War Has Altered the Pattern of Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Shipping in the Black Sea Region
2025
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Communications Earth & Environment
Yuanquan Xu, Pengjun Zhao, Tingting Kang, and Kun Qin
Recent geopolitical crises have reshaped global shipping patterns, profoundly impacting related carbon emissions. Here, we utilize automatic identification system data from March 2021 to February…
Weaponization of Natural Resources as a Hybrid Threat
2025
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CoESPU Magazine: The Online Quarterly of Stability Policing
Antimo Altomare and Marina Bizzotto
Environmental crimes is becoming more and more prominent as the widespread understanding of their short-term impacts and long-term consequences grows. Although violations of environmental laws…
War in Ukraine: The Case for Environmental Peacebuilding and Reparations
2023
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Journal of the British Academy.
Natalia Slobodian
Russia’s current large-scale unprovoked invasion of Ukraine demonstrates that the environment matters, even though it is considered a secondary issue during conflicts. The war has…
Can the Military Fight Climate Change? A review of Sherri Goodman, “Threat Multiplier: Climate, Military Leadership, and the Fight for Global Security” (Island Press, 2024)
2025
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Lawfare
Andrea H. Cameron
“If we believe the old adage ‘out of crisis, comes opportunity,’ the opportunity has never been greater.” This statement in Sherri Goodman’s “Threat Multiplier: Climate,…