Extractive Resources

Transforming Environmental Peacebuilding: Addressing Extractivism in Building Climate Resilient Peace

2024 | Ecology and Society
Barbara Magalhaes Teixeira and Christie J. Nicoson

The authors examined the role of anti-extractivism as environmental peacebuilding through a conflict transformation framework. Environmental peacebuilding aims to foster peace through addressing environmental issues…

Midterm Report of the Group of Experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo

2024 | United Nations Security Council

Persistent violence in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo affected the security and humanitarian situation. The conflict continued to have a negative impact on regional…

Harmonising Biodiversity and Climate Action with a Peace Lens in Latin America and the Caribbean

2024 | adelphi global
Hector Morales Munoz and Lais Clemente Pereira

Biodiversity conservation plays a crucial role in addressing the challenges climate change and environmental degradation pose to human security and peace. This practical note explores…

Functioning of the Energy Sector under Crisis Conditions—A Polish Perspective

2024 | Energies
Joanna Florek, Ryszard Staniszewski, Dorota Czerwin ́ska-Kayzer, and Dariusz Kayzer

In the context of the coronavirus pandemic and the armed conflict between Russia and Ukraine, energy security is essential to economic challenges nowadays. The basis…

Conflicts over Harnessing of Diamond Resources in Marange Communal Area, Eastern Zimbabwe, 2006–2015 (chapter in "Natural Resource-Based Conflicts in Rural Zimbabwe")

2024 | Taylor & Francis
Mathew Ruguwa

This chapter examines local-level conflicts over the exploitation of diamond resources in the Marange communal area of eastern Zimbabwe during the period from 2006 to…

Costs of Company-Community Conflict in the Extractive Sector

2014 | Corporate Social Responsibility Initiative
Rachel Davis and Daniel Franks

Over the past decade, high mineral and energy commodity prices have driven expansion of the extractive sector. Mineral and energy developments profoundly transform environments, communities…

Silence Is Golden: A Report on the Exploitation of Artisanal Gold Miners to Fund War, Terrorism and Organised Crime.

2024 | World Gold Council
Dominic Raab

Artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) provides income for millions of people in over 80 countries across the world. On some estimates, 80% of ASGM…

Commodities as Weapons: How Russia's Natural Resources are Fuelling Its Imperialistic Aggression against the West

2024 | Macdonald Laurier
Sergey Sukhankin

Russia’s large-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 caused a series of economic and geopolitical shocks that have jolted the world’s economy and security. However,…

A Peace-Positive Approach to Natural Resource Management in the Liptako Gourma

2024 | European Institute of Peace

Disputes over the ownership of, access to, and benefits from natural resources such as land for farming or itinerant livestock herding, water points, mineral resources,…

Rethinking Climate Conflicts: The Role of Climate Action and Inaction

2024 | World Development
Tobias Ide

The climate-conflict nexus has attracted significant academic and policy interest, but such discussions are often based on a narrow conception of the phenomenon. This article…

Commodities as Weapons: How Russia’s Natural Resources Are Fuelling Its Imperialistic Aggression against the West

2024 | Macdonald-Laurier Institute
Sergey Sukhankin

Russia’s large-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 caused a series of economic and geopolitical shocks that have jolted the world’s economy and security. However,…

Weathering Risk - Strengthening Peace and Resilience in a Changing Climate: Nine Global Trends and Opportunities. Synthesis Report

2024 | adelphi
Alexandra Steinkraus, Janani Vivekananda, Emma Whitaker, Mary Potts, and Nina Schmelzer

The Weathering Risk synthesis report identifies nine pressing global climate security trends and opportunities based on 43 case studies, assessments, mapping exercises and scenario-based analyses…

Where Are They and Who Are the Peasant Women of the South? The Double Invisibilisation of Women Working on the Land

2024 | Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Martina Di, Paula Lopez

Through socio-environmental and eco-territorial conflicts, we seek to investigate the conception of peasantry as a contextualized identity, with an unequivocal feminist approach. The peasant subject…

Conflict Minerals: Peace and Security in Democratic Republic of the Congo Have Not Improved with SEC Disclosure Rule

2024 | US Government Accountability Office

The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, enacted in 2010, noted that the trade of conflict minerals was helping to finance violent conflict…

Conceptualizing Sand Extractivism: Deconstructing an Emerging Resource Frontier

2021 | The Extractive Industries and Society
Arpita Bisht

Since the mid-twentieth century, the extraction and consumption of mineral aggregates (i.e., sand and gravel) has grown at a higher rate and on a larger…

Slow Violence in Mining and Crude Oil Extractive Frontiers: The Overlooked Resource Curse in the Colombian Internal Armed Conflict

2022 | The Extractive Industries and Society
Irene Vélez-Torres and Fabián Méndez

Geographies of extraction have often been marked by poor economic growth, dispossession and armed conflicts, leading to the idea that resource abundance can be a…

Environmental and Land Defenders: Global Patterns and Determinants of Repression

2020 | Global Environmental Change
Philippe Le Billon and Päivi Lujala

Environmental and land defenders play a crucial role in attempts to slow down environmental change and address power inequalities in land-use and resource development. Yet,…

Women and Indigenous Resource Conflict Resolution Options in Uganda’s Oil Region: A Case of Barazas

2024 | Mobility, Identity, and Conflict Resolution in Africa
Deborah Birungi, Nicholas Tunanukye, and John Mushomi Atwebembeire

Resource ownership has been associated with power, which has been greatly influenced by patriarchy. The role of women in organising, planning, allocating, and controlling the…

Conflict and Natural Resource Condition: An Examination Based on National Power Heterogeneity

2024 | Resources Policy
Qian Cao, Zhiying Fen, Runze Yang, and Cunyi Yang

The impact of geopolitical conflict on natural resource condition, under the lens of national power heterogeneity, is a burgeoning area of research. Previously, scholars predominantly…

Placing the Rule of Law and Environmental Justice in the Resource-Conflict Nexus in Nigeria

2023 | Taylor & Francis
Eghosa O. Ekhator and Godswill Agbaitoro

Africa is undeniably blessed with abundant natural resources, which, if effectively managed, could lead to substantial economic growth. However, the continent has also witnessed numerous…

Russian Gas and the Fight for the Italian Right: Implications of Meloni's and Salvini's Russian Energy Policy in the 2024 EU Parliamentary Elections

2024 | CeSPI - Centro Studi di Politica Internazionale
Tyler Leonard

On 8 and 9 June 2024, the Italian public will elect its tenth delegation to the European Union (EU) Parliament. Based on public opinion polls,…

Energy without Russia: The Case of Italy

2023 | Friedrich Ebert Stiftung
Francesca Andreolli, Francesca Bellisai, Massimiliano Bienati, Giulia Giordano, Michele Governatori, and Davide Panzeri

The Russian invasion of Ukraine and the energy crisis which came in its wake have produced significant impacts on the energy sector in many EU…

Environmental Violence and Enterprise: The Outsized Role of Business for Environmental Peacebuilding

2024 | Business Horizons
Richard Marcantonio

Environmental violence (EV) is the complex of direct and indirect impacts of human-produced pollution on human health and wellbeing. Today, EV is the single largest…

Targeting Libya’s Rentier Economy: The Politics of Energy, Water, and Infrastructural Decay

2023 | Environment and Security
Erika Weinthal and Jeannie Sowers

Libya’s fossil fuel wealth has dominated its political economy and state institutions since the 1960s and paid for large-scale, centralized water and energy infrastructures. Since…

Natural Resource Exploitation in Nigeria: Consequences of Human Actions and Best Practice for Environmental Sustainability—A Review

2019 | Sparkling International Journal of Multidisciplanary Studies
Angela O. Akanwa and F. Ikegbunam

The mining environment has been characterized by a number of risks and vulnerabilities with the implications for the attainment of the SDGs. One of these…

Economics of Peace: Can Extraction of Oil and Gas Lead to Sustainable Peace? (chapter in "Taxation and Management of Natural Resources in Africa")

2024 | Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development
Zangina Isshaq, Mohammed Amidu, Aisha Mohammed Sissy, and Edward Asiedu

Natural resource endowments and their association with poor economic performance have been likened to a curse. We ask whether natural resources are inimical to peace.…

Green Inclusive Leadership, Green Policy, and Pursuit of Sustainability in Natural Resources: A Firm-Level Analysis in Context of Ukraine-Russia

2024 | Resources Policy
Kexiang Hu, Yanyu Chen, Siying Mu, and Zhixiong Tan

China is one of the major trading partners of Russia and Ukraine. The country depends upon Russia and China to import a few of the…

Financial Development and Resource-Curse Hypothesis: Moderating Role of Internal and External Conflict in the MENA Region

2024 | Resources Policy
Kaixian Li, Dongyu Wang, Tong Xu, and Yuqi Zhang

“Resource curse hypothesis” has been extensively pondered in extant literature. However, less attention has been given to political risks and financial development (FD) in the…

The Politics of Extractivism: Mining, Institutional Responsiveness, and Social Resistance

2024 | World Development
Simon Bornschier and Manuel Vogt

Natural resource exploitation often generates negative externalities and fuels social conflict. Yet, patterns of social resistance against mining differ considerably within and across countries. What…

Empowering Women, Peace and Security in the Coral Triangle: Bridging Civil-Military and State Boundaries to Tackle Maritime Environmental Crimes

2024 | Pacific Forum International
Lily Schlieman, Maryruth Belsey Priebe, Charity Borg, Anny Barlow, and Tevvi Bullock

The Coral Triangle is renowned for its unparalleled marine biodiversity and provides food security to over 130 million people living in and around the region.…